Energetic costs increase with faster heating in an aquatic ectotherm

Abstract The thermal sensitivity of metabolism is widely studied due to its perceived importance for organismal fitness and resilience future climate change. Almost all such studies estimate at a variety constant temperatures, with very little work exploring how varies during temperature However, in nature rarely static, so our existing understanding from experiments may not reflect influences natural systems. Using closed-chamber respirometry, we estimated the aerobic metabolic rate an aquatic ectotherm, Atlantic ditch shrimp Palaemonetes varians, under varying conditions. We continuously measured oxygen consumption heating, cooling starting trials range acclimation temperatures exposing rates In broad sense, cumulative static exposures corresponded estimates derived ramping experiments. further analyses showed that increases both faster heating cooling, rapid driving higher than if were warmed slowly. These results suggest systematic influence on metabolism. With influential concepts as theory ecology founded data experiments, encourage exploration variable impacts organism energetics, test generality findings across species. This especially important given forecasts heat waves are characterised by increased